An Evaluation of Tile Selection Methods for Viewport-Adaptive Streaming of 360-Degree Video

Author:

Nguyen Duc V.1ORCID,Tran Huyen T. T.1,Thang Truong Cong1

Affiliation:

1. The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan

Abstract

360-degree video has become increasingly popular nowadays. For effective transmission of bandwidth-intensive 360-degree video over networks, viewport-adaptive streaming has been introduced. In this article, we evaluate, for the first time, ten existing methods to understand the effectiveness of tile-based viewport adaptive streaming of 360-degree video. Experimental results show that tile-based methods can improve the average V-PSNR by up to 4.3 dB compared to a non-tiled method under low delay settings. Here, the V-PSNR is computed as the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the adapted viewport compared to the corresponding origin viewport. Also, different methods show different tradeoffs between average viewport quality and viewport quality variations. Especially, the performances of most tile-based methods decrease quickly as the segment duration and/or buffer size increase for the content with no main focus. Even, under long delay settings like HTTP Adaptive Streaming, it is found that the simple non-tiled method appears to be the best one. For the content with a strong viewing focus, it is found that the tile-based methods are less influenced by the segment duration and the buffer size. In addition, a comparison of the performances of the tile selection methods using two popular viewport estimation methods is conducted. It is interesting that there is only little difference found in performances of tile selection methods. The findings of this study are useful for service providers to make decisions on deployment of streaming solutions.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

Subject

Computer Networks and Communications,Hardware and Architecture

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1. Efficient Deep Learning-Based Viewport Estimation for 360-Degree Video Streaming;Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal;2024-05

2. A self-attention model for viewport prediction based on distance constraint;The Visual Computer;2023-11-28

3. Virtual Reality Telepresence: 360-Degree Video Streaming with Edge-Compute Assisted Static Foveated Compression;IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics;2023-11

4. Optimal Tile Size and Streaming Field of View for VR Streaming;2023 IEEE 25th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP);2023-09-27

5. iStream Player: A Versatile Video Player Framework;Proceedings of the 33rd Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video;2023-06-07

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