Affiliation:
1. NICTA and Australian National University
2. Technische Universität München
3. Technische Universität Darmstadt
Abstract
This article studies runtime verification of properties expressed either in lineartime temporal logic (LTL) or timed lineartime temporal logic (TLTL). It classifies runtime verification in identifying its distinguishing features to model checking and testing, respectively. It introduces a three-valued semantics (with truth values
true, false, inconclusive
) as an adequate interpretation as to whether a partial observation of a running system meets an LTL or TLTL property.
For LTL, a conceptually simple monitor generation procedure is given, which is
optimal
in two respects: First, the size of the generated deterministic monitor is
minimal
, and, second, the monitor identifies a continuously monitored trace as either satisfying or falsifying a property
as early as possible
. The feasibility of the developed methodology is demontrated using a collection of real-world temporal logic specifications. Moreover, the presented approach is related to the properties monitorable in general and is compared to existing concepts in the literature. It is shown that the set of
monitorable properties
does not only encompass the
safety
and
cosafety
properties but is strictly larger.
For TLTL, the same road map is followed by first defining a three-valued semantics. The corresponding construction of a timed monitor is more involved, yet, as shown, possible.
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Cited by
344 articles.
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