Modular, compositional, and executable formal semantics for LLVM IR

Author:

Zakowski Yannick1ORCID,Beck Calvin2ORCID,Yoon Irene2ORCID,Zaichuk Ilia3ORCID,Zaliva Vadim4ORCID,Zdancewic Steve2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Inria, France

2. University of Pennsylvania, USA

3. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine

4. Carnegie Mellon University, USA / Digamma.ai, USA

Abstract

This paper presents a novel formal semantics, mechanized in Coq, for a large, sequential subset of the LLVM IR. In contrast to previous approaches, which use relationally-specified operational semantics, this new semantics is based on monadic interpretation of interaction trees, a structure that provides a more compositional approach to defining language semantics while retaining the ability to extract an executable interpreter. Our semantics handles many of the LLVM IR's non-trivial language features and is constructed modularly in terms of event handlers, including those that deal with nondeterminism in the specification. We show how this semantics admits compositional reasoning principles derived from the interaction trees equational theory of weak bisimulation, which we extend here to better deal with nondeterminism, and we use them to prove that the extracted reference interpreter faithfully refines the semantic model. We validate the correctness of the semantics by evaluating it on unit tests and LLVM IR programs generated by HELIX.

Funder

ONR

NSF

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

Subject

Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality,Software

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