Affiliation:
1. Department of Computer Science, Jinan University, China
2. TSYS School of Computer Science, Columbus State University, USA
3. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, USA
Abstract
Garbage collection (GC) plays a pivotal role in the performance of 3D NAND flash memory, where Copyback has been widely used to accelerate valid page migration during GC. Unfortunately, copyback is constrained by the parity symmetry issue: data read from an odd/even page must be written to an odd/even page. After migrating two odd/even consecutive pages, a free page between the two migrated pages will be wasted. Such wasted pages noticeably lower free space on flash memory and cause extra GCs, thereby degrading solid-state-disk (SSD) performance. To address this problem, we propose a page-state-aware cache scheme called
PSA-Cache
, which prevents page waste to boost the performance of NAND Flash-based SSDs. To facilitate making write-back scheduling decisions, PSA-Cache regulates write-back priorities for cached pages according to the state of pages in victim blocks. With high write-back-priority pages written back to flash chips, PSA-Cache effectively fends off page waste by breaking odd/even consecutive pages in subsequent garbage collections. We quantitatively evaluate the performance of PSA-Cache in terms of the number of wasted pages, the number of GCs, and response time. We compare PSA-Cache with two state-of-the-art schemes, GCaR and TTflash, in addition to a baseline scheme LRU. The experimental results unveil that PSA-Cache outperforms the existing schemes. In particular, PSA-Cache curtails the number of wasted pages of GCaR and TTflash by 25.7% and 62.1%, respectively. PSA-Cache immensely cuts back the number of GC counts by up to 78.7% with an average of 49.6%. Furthermore, PSA-Cache slashes the average write response time by up to 85.4% with an average of 30.05%.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation
Industry University Research Collaboration Project of Zhuhai
Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Subject
Hardware and Architecture
Reference35 articles.
1. Error analysis and retention-aware error management for nand flash memory;Cai Yu;Intel. Technol. J.,2013
2. Real-time garbage collection for flash-memory storage systems of real-time embedded systems
3. W. Chang, Y. Lim, and J. Cho. 2014. An efficient copy-back operation scheme using dedicated flash memory controller in solid-state disks. In Proceedings of the International Journal of Electrical Energy, Vol. 2.
4. Architectures and optimization methods of flash memory based storage systems
5. Aging capacitor supported cache management scheme for solid-state drives;Gao Congming;IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integr. Circ. Syst.,2019
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
1. Simulation Experiment and Teaching Research of a Land-Based Ship Engine Room;International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education;2023-10-09