A Survey on Exotic Signatures for Post-quantum Blockchain: Challenges and Research Directions

Author:

Buser Maxime1ORCID,Dowsley Rafael1ORCID,Esgin Muhammed2ORCID,Gritti Clémentine3ORCID,Kasra Kermanshahi Shabnam4ORCID,Kuchta Veronika5ORCID,Legrow Jason6ORCID,Liu Joseph1ORCID,Phan Raphaël7ORCID,Sakzad Amin1ORCID,Steinfeld Ron1ORCID,Yu Jiangshan1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Monash University, Australia

2. Monash University, Australia, and CSIRO’s Data61, Australia

3. University of Canterbury, New Zealand

4. RMIT University, Australia

5. Florida Atlantic University, Australia

6. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States

7. Monash University, Malaysia

Abstract

Blockchain technology provides efficient and secure solutions to various online activities by utilizing a wide range of cryptographic tools. In this article, we survey the existing literature on post-quantum secure digital signatures that possess exotic advanced features and that are crucial cryptographic tools used in the blockchain ecosystem for (1) account management, (2) consensus efficiency, (3) empowering scriptless blockchain, and (4) privacy. The exotic signatures that we particularly focus on in this work are the following: multi-/aggregate, threshold, adaptor, blind, and ring signatures. Herein the term ”exotic” refers to signatures with properties that are not just beyond the norm for signatures, e.g., unforgeability, but also imbue new forms of functionalities. Our treatment of such exotic signatures includes discussions on existing challenges and future research directions in the post-quantum space. We hope that this article will help to foster further research to make post-quantum cryptography more accessible so that blockchain systems can be made ready in advance of the approaching quantum threats.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

Subject

General Computer Science,Theoretical Computer Science

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