When Tags ‘Read’ Each Other: Enabling Low-Cost and Convenient Tag Mutual Identification

Abstract

Though widely used in industrial and logistic applications, current passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology still has a fundamental limitation: Individual users who do not carry any reader find it difficult to interact with tagged items, such as retrieving their digital profiles and requesting certain associations with them. Recent proposals to improve the user–item interaction experience rely on special hardware, such as a smartphone-based RFID scanner. This work presents a promising approach to allowing each user to interact with a tagged item using only one passive tag, which is named the Tag Mutual Identification Interface (TagMii). TagMii requires a user to put one’s user tag in physical proximity with an item tag to express certain interactions between the user and item. The key idea behind TagMii is to utilize two experimental observations: (1) inductive coupling for detecting interaction events, and (2) channel similarity for determining the actual interacting tags. We implement TagMii using commodity off-the-shelf RFID devices and conduct experiments in complex environments with rich multipath, mobility, wireless signals, electrical devices, and magnetic fields. The results show that TagMii provides accurate mutual identification. TagMii is a completely new approach for user–item interactions in pervasive environments and enables many user-friendly Internet of Things applications with low cost and convenience.