Affiliation:
1. University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
2. George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
Abstract
Although non-verbal cues such as arm movement and eye gaze can convey robot intention, they alone may not provide enough information for a human to fully understand a robot’s behavior. To better understand how to convey robot intention, we conducted an experiment (
N = 366
) investigating the
need for robots to explain
, and the
content
and
properties
of a desired explanation such as
timing
,
engagement importance
,
similarity to human explanations,
and
summarization
. Participants watched a video where the robot was commanded to hand an almost-reachable cup and one of six reactions intended to show the unreachability : doing nothing (No Cue), turning its head to the cup (Look), or turning its head to the cup with the addition of repeated arm movement pointed towards the cup (Look & Point), and each of these with or without a Headshake. The results indicated that participants agreed robot behavior should be explained across all conditions,
in situ
, in a similar manner as what human explain, and provide concise summaries and respond to only a few follow-up questions by participants. Additionally, we replicated the study again with
N = 366
participants after a 15-month span and all major conclusions still held.
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Subject
Artificial Intelligence,Human-Computer Interaction
Cited by
11 articles.
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