POP-PL

Author:

Florence Spencer P.1,Fetscher Burke1,Flatt Matthew2,Temps William H.3,St-Amour Vincent1,Kiguradze Tina3,West Dennis P.4,Niznik Charlotte5,Yarnold Paul R.6,Findler Robert Bruce1,Belknap Steven M.7

Affiliation:

1. Northwestern University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

2. University of Utah, School of Computing

3. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology

4. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology 8 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics

5. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

6. Optimal Data Analysis LLC

7. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology 8 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine

Abstract

A medical prescription is a set of health care instructions that govern the plan of care for an individual patient, which may include orders for drug therapy, diet, clinical assessment, and laboratory testing. Clinicians have long used algorithmic thinking to describe and implement prescriptions but without the benefit of a formal programming language. Instead, medical algorithms are expressed using a natural language patois, flowcharts, or as structured data in an electronic medical record system. The lack of a prescription programming language inhibits expressiveness; results in prescriptions that are difficult to understand, hard to debug, and awkward to reuse; and increases the risk of fatal medical error. This article reports on the design and evaluation of Patient-Oriented Prescription Programming Language (POP-PL), a domain-specific programming language designed for expressing prescriptions. The language is based around the idea that programs and humans have complementary strengths that, when combined properly, can make for safer, more accurate performance of prescriptions. Use of POP-PL facilitates automation of certain low-level vigilance tasks, freeing up human cognition for abstract thinking, compassion, and human communication. We implemented this language and evaluated its design attempting to write prescriptions in the new language and evaluated its usability by assessing whether clinicians can understand and modify prescriptions written in the language. We found that some medical prescriptions can be expressed in a formal domain-specific programming language, and we determined that medical professionals can understand and correctly modify programs written in POP-PL. We also discuss opportunities for refining and further developing POP-PL.

Funder

NSF

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

Subject

Software

Reference68 articles.

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2. Application of Software Design Principles and Debugging Methods to an Analgesia Prescription Reduces Risk of Severe Injury From Medical Use of Opioids

3. The Chicago Kinetic Simulator;Belknap Steven M.;Math. J.,1991

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