Gap Detection in Pairs of Ultrasound Mid-air Vibrotactile Stimuli

Author:

Howard Thomas1ORCID,Driller Karina2ORCID,Frier William3ORCID,Pacchierotti Claudio4ORCID,Marchal Maud5ORCID,Hartcher-O’Brien Jessica6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Univ Rennes, INSA, IRISA, Inria, CNRS, Rennes, France

2. Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands & ISIR, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

3. Ultraleap, United Kingdom, The West Wing, Glass Wharf, Bristol, United Kingdom

4. CNRS, Univ Rennes, Inria, IRISA, Rennes, France

5. Univ Rennes, INSA, IRISA, Inria, CNRS and IUF, Rennes, France

6. Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Landbergstraat, Delft, The Netherlands

Abstract

Ultrasound mid-air haptic (UMH) devices are a novel tool for haptic feedback, capable of providing localized vibrotactile stimuli to users at a distance. UMH applications largely rely on generating tactile shape outlines on the users’ skin. Here we investigate how to achieve sensations of continuity or gaps within such two-dimensional curves by studying the perception of pairs of amplitude-modulated focused ultrasound stimuli. On the one hand, we aim to investigate perceptual effects that may arise from providing simultaneous UMH stimuli. On the other hand, we wish to provide perception-based rendering guidelines for generating continuous or discontinuous sensations of tactile shapes. Finally, we hope to contribute toward a measure of the perceptually achievable resolution of UMH interfaces. We performed a user study to identify how far apart two focal points need to be to elicit a perceptual experience of two distinct stimuli separated by a gap. Mean gap detection thresholds were found at 32.3-mm spacing between focal points, but a high within- and between-subject variability was observed. Pairs spaced below 15 mm were consistently (>95%) perceived as a single stimulus, while pairs spaced 45 mm apart were consistently (84%) perceived as two separate stimuli. To investigate the observed variability, we resort to acoustic simulations of the resulting pressure fields. These show a non-linear evolution of actual peak pressure spacing as a function of nominal focal point spacing. Beyond an initial threshold in spacing (between 15 and 18 mm), which we believe to be related to the perceived size of a focal point, the probability of detecting a gap between focal points appears to linearly increase with spacing. Our work highlights physical interactions and perceptual effects to consider when designing or investigating the perception of UMH shapes.

Funder

European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme

H-Reality

MIMESIS

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

Subject

Experimental and Cognitive Psychology,General Computer Science,Theoretical Computer Science

Reference37 articles.

1. D. Beattie, W. Frier, O. Georgiou, B. Long, and D. Ablart. 2020. Incorporating the perception of visual roughness into the design of mid-air haptic textures. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception. 1–10.

2. B&K. (n.d.). Brüel & Kjaer Sound and Vibration Measurement Systems. Retrieved from https://www.bksv.com/en/products/data-acquisition-systems-and-hardware/LAN-XI-data-acquisition-hardware/modules/type-3161.

3. Four channels mediate the mechanical aspects of touch

4. UltraHaptics

5. Perception of Ultrasound Haptic Focal Point Motion

Cited by 3 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. An Interactive Tool for Simulating Mid-Air Ultrasound Tactons on the Skin;Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems;2024-05-11

2. An Exploration of Just Noticeable Differences in Mid-Air Haptics;2023 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC);2023-07-10

3. Survey on Hand-Based Haptic Interaction for Virtual Reality;IEEE Transactions on Haptics;2023-04

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