Disseminated HIV-associated venous thrombosis (a case report)

Abstract

Introduction. In 1983, Robert Gallo (USA) and Luc Montagnier (France) discovered the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Today, about 39 million people are living with HIV worldwide. Thanks to antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV has become a manageable chronic condition for most patients. However, the number of associated complications, including cardiovascular disease and thrombosis, is increasing. HIV-associated venous thrombosis, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, requires attention and research due to their serious consequences. The purpose was to summarize, analyze, and demonstrate the clinical sequence, diagnostic difficulties and treatment of a rare case of disseminated venous thrombosis in the setting of HIV infection. Materials and methods. Periodical medical publications, patient records, and materials of scientific and practical conferences were used. Research methods: historical, bibliographic, systematic approach, analytical, generalization. Results. The article analyses in detail the data on a severe complication of HIV infection - disseminated venous thrombosis. To establish the final diagnosis, differential diagnosis with infectious, rheumatological, and myeloproliferative diseases was performed. As a result of the differential diagnosis, a multidisciplinary team of doctors established homozygous carriage of the MTHFR 1298 gene, which determines an increased risk of thrombosis. The addition of HIV infection could be a trigger for the development of severe thrombosis with impaired internal organ function. Conclusions. All countries of the world continue to face the problem of HIV infection, which requires constant detection among the population, including military personnel. In the case of thrombosis under consideration, both HIV infection itself (reduced CD4 T-cell counts, late HIV detection) and genetic factors could be the cause. The patient's multidisciplinary management proved to be effective, which allowed him to achieve a positive result, and his fight against the disease will continue.