Natural conformity of a campus as a result of modelling its layout

Abstract

In this work, we investigate the layout and architecture of campuses in terms of the role of natural landscapes in their space. Campus structures are considered as spatial grids in the context of their interaction with natural landscapes and their components. We studied the experience of designing a botanical garden in Columbia in a hot humid climate, the Polytechnic University in Ben Guerir in the climate of the Western Sahara and the Russian Far Eastern Federal University on Russky Island near Vladivostok. An analysis of the existing layout and development of the campus of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University was carried out. Scientific foundations for arranging interaction between campuses and environmental conditions were determined, referred to as natural conformity principles. Architectural and planning grids are the spatial basis for campus organization. The cells of planning grids are the courtyards of buildings of various purposes, squares and other public spaces. Pedestrian boulevards (malls) connect the cells and the campus as a whole. The natural conformity of the campus depends on the consistency of cells, connections and boundaries of its architectural and spatial structure with the relief, groups and arrays of plantations, as well as with the climate, light and water bodies – landscape spaces. Another important factor is orientation of the building layout to natural attractors, i.e., the most attractive natural landscapes.