Statistical indicators of seed reproduction of apple <i>(MALUS MİL L.)</i> species introduced on apsheron

Abstract

We have studied effective methods of seed reproduction of some species of apple trees in the condition of Apsheron. The newly introduced and available in the collection of the Central Botanical Garden of ANAS 23 species of wild apples were taken as research material. Experiments were carried out with both stratified and non-stratified seeds. The germination rate of the studied species was different. As a result, it turned out that in order to obtain good germination of seeds of apple varieties introduced in Absheron, they should be sown either early autumn, or for various reasons (climate, lack of time, etc.), it is better to stratify the seeds and to shorten the germination time it is advisable to sow in spring. Statistical analysis was carried out on the basis of the obtained results. In the course of statistical processing, the statistical programs PAST, SPSS 16. were used. Cluster analysis of samples was carried out using the Ward method based on the Evklid index of genetic distance. According to morphometric and mass parameters, the seeds of the studied species were divided into 3 main groups with 5 values of the genetic distance. The values of statistical indicators were also determined for other studied characteristics of seeds in apple species. The parametrs include minimum and maximum values, mean, standard error, standard deviation, coefficient of variation. And the studied characters are the width, length, and weight of the seeds. This indicates that among the three traits studied between species, the mass trait has greater variability, in other words, higher genetic diversity. That is, the trait of the seed mass of the studied species makes it possible to distinguish more species. It is known that by crossing genetically distant species, a hybrid with new traits can be obtained, i.e. with a high effect of heterosis. From this point of view, high-quality species are selected from the species included in the clusters, and by crossing them with species from other clusters, a hybrid with a high heterosis effect can be obtained. With this method of selection, it is possible to gradually obtain new varieties of high quality.