Evaluation of the adaptability of introduced strawberry varieties in the conditions of the Samara Region

Abstract

The article presents the results of assessing the adaptability of introduced strawberry varieties of foreign breeding, according to economically valuable traits for their further use in breeding and cultivation in the conditions of the Samara region. In the State Register for the Middle Volga region, the assortment of strawberries is represented by 13 varieties. Almost all varieties are outdated, do not meet modern requirements and do not have the necessary complex of economically valuable traits. Strawberry varieties must be regularly updated in accordance with the increasing requirements of producers and consumers of marketable products. Strawberry varieties from other climatic regions adapt with great difficulty to new conditions, do not realize their biological potential and do not correspond to the characteristics declared by the originating institutions. At the same time, strawberries do not have varieties that are able to realize their potential in different environmental conditions. The aim of the study was to study 12 newest introduced strawberry varieties of foreign breeding by frigo seedlings, compared them with each other, highlighting varieties with maximum performance. Collection variety study was carried out according to a reduced program in the amount of 25 plants of each variety without repetition. The research was carried out in Research Institute of Horticulture and Medicinal Plants « Zhigulevskie Sady» on the site of the breeding department in 2019-2021. As a result of the collection variety study of 12 strawberry varieties in the conditions of the Samara region, a significant influence of weather conditions on the passage of phenological phases was revealed. According to the timing of flowering and ripening of berries, strawberry varieties were divided into groups: early, middle, late, remontant. The early group included 3 varieties: Asia, Liya sakharnaya, Clery. There are 4 varieties in the medium group: Camarosa, Syria, Molling Santineri, Olympia. In the group of late there are 2 varieties: Eliani, Sensatsiya. There are 3 remontant varieties: Garmoniya, Murano, Charlotte. By large-fruitedness of more than 12 g, the following varieties stood out: Olympia, Asia, Liya sakharnaya, Molling Santineri, Sensatsiya. The other varieties in the group are large (9-12 g), except for the Camarosa variety. The sources of largefruitedness, dessert taste, high transportability of berries and early ripeness of the variety were identified: Asia, Liya sakharnaya. Varieties with high plasticity and productivity for growing conditions have been revealed: Asia, Sugar Leah, Sensatsia, Molling Santinary, Garmoniya.