Purification of wastewater from heavy metal ions using nanostructured adsorbents

Abstract

The activities of industrial enterprises in ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy and other industries lead to environmental pollution with wastewater containing harmful substances that, even in small quantities, have a rather serious negative impact on human health and the state of the biosphere. There are a large number of natural sorbents used to solve water treatment problems. Among inorganic sorption materials, zeolites are widely used in practice. These natural materials have thermal and radiation stability and high selectivity. The purpose of this article is to study the sorption capacity of zeolites modified with nanostructured rare metals in several ways, with different options for activating the matrix to improve sorption properties with respect to ions of heavy and non-ferrous metals. Based on the experiments conducted, it was proven that zeolites modified with vanadium and titanium nanocompounds are highly effective in removing heavy metal ions from wastewater. The resulting composition on a zeolite matrix creates a highly dispersed solid phase of nanoparticles in the form of a sol-gel. Such systems have an excess of energy, which leads to increased reactivity and adsorbing properties. It is obvious that the activation of zeolites makes it possible to obtain a wider range of active centers of different nature. This determines the varied use of zeolites in the technological system for treating wastewater from heavy and non-ferrous metal ions, which will make it possible to achieve MPC standards.