Spontaneous splenic rupture in dengue fever with non-fatal outcome in an adult

Abstract

A 26-year-old male presented with fever for five days and abdominal pain for 24 hours. System examination identified a soft abdomen with diffuse tenderness. CT-abdomen findings were consistent with splenic rupture with intra and peri-splenic hematoma. Laboratory investigations showed a platelet count of 40,000 per mm3. In due course he developed hypotension and underwent splenectomy. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) dengue antigen was positive in the admission sample and IgM dengue antibodies were detected in the follow-up sample. Histopathology of the spleen showed normal architecture with no evidence of hyperplasia, cellular infiltrates or haematological malignancy. Splenic rupture is a rare, but potentially fatal complication of dengue fever and severe dengue which should be suspected when a patient presents with abdominal pain and hypotension. Our case highlights the occurrence of splenic rupture in the viremic phase of dengue illness before the development of IgM antibodies.