Combining LAMP and Au-Nanoprobe to detect INH-RIF resistance accurately in tuberculosis: an evidence-based review

Abstract

Approximately 1.41 million people die annually due to tuberculosis. One of the main problems in Tuberculosis eradication is the development of resistance to various antibiotics. However, current efforts to detect resistances face challenges such as limited equipment, budget, and time. This evidence-based review investigated loop-mediated isothermal amplification, an alternative molecular diagnostic tool with promising performance and applicability in developing countries, and its use combined with Au-Nanoprobe to detect antibiotic resistance in tuberculosis. The literature search was conducted through four databases (Proquest, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Pubmed) for useful articles on loop-mediated isothermal amplification and Au-Nanoprobe in detecting tuberculosis and tuberculosis resistance. After filtering the result with inclusion and exclusion criteria, the search produced three papers that best answer the clinical question. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification amplifies a target sequence, and Au-Nanoprobe responds to the DNA specific to the target mutant, producing an observable color change. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification and Au-Nanoprobe showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in detecting rifampicin and isoniazid resistance. Another study investigated its viability to detect tuberculosis and found 98.2% sensitivity and 88.2% specificity. Combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification and Au-Nanoprobe had a shorter time to get results and should also be relatively cheaper because it does not need a high temperature to work and requires less equipment. In conclusion, loop-mediated isothermal amplification and Au-Nanoprobe can be used as an efficient and accurate method to detect isoniazid and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis strains. The new technology is promising for developing countries due to their high disease burden but facing several healthcare barriers.