INTERETHNIC COLLABORATION: A CASE STUDY OF NIAS AND MINANGKABAU ETHNIC GROUPS IN WEST SUMATERA, INDONESIA

Abstract

Most conflicts in Indonesia have been caused by opposing principles between ethnic groups and religions. These conflicts are difficult to resolve because of the absence of mediating institutions and structures. This study shows the ability of two ethnic groups, Minangkabau and Nias, in Indonesia’s West Sumatera province to fulfil their interests despite their different principles. The analysis of the influencing factors and their implications for both groups are also discussed. A qualitative method and a case study were used to obtain in-depth, comprehensive and integrated data regarding the collaborative ability of the two ethnic groups. The results show that the collaboration between the two groups can be achieved in several forms: (1) provision of two types of foods at parties; (2) determination of Nias’ ethnic leaders; (3) permission to change religions; (4) conditions for the Nias community, including the number of pig livestock and the number of churches; (5) cultural assimilation of the Nias community; and (6) permission to use the use of Nias language and art performances. These collaborations are influenced by four factors: (1) reference to customary law and religion; (2) arrival history of the Nias ethnic group; (3) economic use of land; and (4) conformity of social norms. This study has three implications, namely, a sense of belonging, mutual understanding, and culture of openness. The findings suggest the need to expand research to identify various other patterns of collaboration between ethnic groups in Indonesia to create a safe and peaceful multicultural society.