SCREENING DEVELOPMENT OF THE APPROACH TO THE ORAL CAVITY PREPARATION FOR DENTAL IMPLANT PROSTHETICS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

Abstract

Currently, there are two dental approaches to the oral rehabilitation of elderly patients before implant prosthetics. One of them is conservative, based on a purely sparing approach, inspired by the classical dental prosthetics canons with commonplace replacement structures, the other is radical, empirically confirmed by unfavourable long–term prosthetic results, taking into account chronic diffuse periodontitis being a relative contraindication for implantation due to the abundance of periodontogenic and anaerobic flora in the oral cavity and in the periapical foci, as well as – polymorbidity of the elderly. This increases the risk of mucositis, peri-implantitis, leading to failure of implants, replacement of prostheses within warranty periods, and repeated prosthetics. The purpose of this work was to create a measuring instrument for a target preliminary choice of an alternative from two available approaches to oral health improvement in elderly patients before implant prosthetics. The object of the study was 10 expert software programs for assessing the quality of various dental and jaw prosthesis designs, including extended implant restorations with a few artificial supports. The methods and criteria used in these systems were studied. A portable computer program has been created that allows making a target choice between conservative, radical and moderately radical approaches to preparing the oral cavity of elderly patients for immediate implant prosthetics.The program is used to assess the morphofunctional state of those teeth whose prognosis is doubtful, and the indications for extraction are not absolute. The program implements a scoring system for evaluating the answers received according to a questionnaire of 20 criteria with the possibility of automatic summation and the issuance of a final conclusion.