Characteristics of the formation of productivity of high oleic varieties of the common sunflower Helianthus annuus L

Abstract

Purpose. To evaluate new varieties of high oleic common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) according to the main economic and quality indicators: yield, disease resistance, oleic acid, oil and protein content. Methods. The qualification examination of common sunflower varieties for suita­bility for distribution in Ukraine (SVD) was carried out at the research stations of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination within the soil­climatic zones of the Steppe and Forest­Steppe in 2021–2022. The research was conducted in accordance with the “Methodology of qualification examination of plant varieties for suitability for distribution in Ukraine (general part)” and “Methodology of examination of plant varieties of technical and forage group for suitability for distribution in Ukraine”. Results. New common sunflower varieties ‘LG50475’, ‘ОКLLАОМА’, ‘P64HЕ418’, ‘RGТ CHARLLОТТE CL’, ‘SY DIEGO CLP’, ‘F4987VО’, ‘N4H422 KL’, ‘LG50779 SХ’, ‘SUBЕО’ and ‘SY FЕNОМЕNО’, which are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitab­le for Distribution in Ukraine, were analyzed for varietal potential in terms of economically valuable traits such as productivity, oleic acid and oil content. In 2021–2022, the Fo­rest­Steppe zone prevailed over the others in terms of yield indicators. The highest values among the investigated varieties were shown by ‘LG50475’ (2.61–3.99 t/ha), ‘OKLLAOMA’ (2.73–3.89 t/ha) and ‘LG50779 SH’ (2.50–3.57 t/ha). The highest content of oleic acid (quality indicator) was recorded for ‘P64HE418’ – 86.4% in the Steppe zone and 87.3% in the Forest­Steppe zone; ‘LG50475’ and ‘SY DIEGO CLP’ – 87.3% each in the Forest­Steppe zone. Conclusions. According to the results of the varietal suitability test, all the varieties studied are recommended for cultivation in the Steppe and Forest­Steppe zones. The maximum oil content was obtained in the seeds of the variety ‘OKLLAOMA’ (50.9% in Steppe and 52.0% in Forest­Steppe). The highest protein content was found in the seeds of ‘RGТ CHARLLOTTE CL’ (18.0% in the Steppe zone) and ‘P64HE418’ (15.8% in the Forest­Steppe zone). The maximum oil yield per hectare (1.78 t/ha for each of the varieties ‘OKLLAOMA’, ‘SY FENOMENO’ and ‘SUBEO’) was obtained in the Forest­Steppe zone, due to the better yield and oil content in this soil­climatic zone.