Medical and biological support of elite sports: recovery and rehabilitation measures

Abstract

Purpose of the study: to analyze the content and systematize the scientific and methodological materials on research in recovery and rehabilitation in the medical and biological support (MBS) of elite sports. Materials and methods. The research included content analysis of literature sources. Articles included in the PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Russian Science Citation Index databases were examined. Total of 97 articles were analyzed, and 44 were selected. Results and discussion. Recovery and rehabilitation in sport includes a set of medical, professional, psychological, and pedagogical measures aimed at the restoration or compensation of impaired body functions and sports performance. Among the existing set of means and methods of rehabilitation used in medical practice in the medical and biological support of sports at the present time, the methods that allow quickly eliminating signs and consequences of physical and psychoemotional tension (stress) observed during sports activities, and restoring psychofunctional state through direct impact on regulatory systems (nervous, humoral, and hormonal systems) of the human body are of particular interest. There are active studies on the use of transcranial methods of electrical and magnetic stimulation, as well as biofeedback, which allow the development of the ability to control one’s psychophysiological functions. The analysis of recovery and rehabilitation methods of local impact on the musculoskeletal system has shown that there are very few developments and studies associated with the use of modern physiotherapy and mechanotherapy equipment adapted for application in sports. The use of natural healing resources for recovery and rehabilitation of the human body is sufficiently studied and substantiated by research conducted over the years. However, there are few studies on the influence of natural healing factors on the functional state of the body and the performance ability of athletes. Conclusion. The study has shown various recovery and rehabilitation technologies with application of total and local impact methods. However, there are gaps regarding a lack of studies on the scientific justification of applying natural healing resources and modern mechanotherapy measures with great possibilities for recovery and rehabilitation of the human body’s functional systems, adapted for use in sports, as well as the absence of a formed system for recovery and rehabilitation of athletes in conditions of training in middle altitude.