Physical rehabilitation of children with perinatal lesion of the central nervous system

Abstract

The article is dedicated to non-pharmacological rehabilitation of children with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system. Currently, the main methodological principles of the staged medical rehabilitation of newborns, mainly children with consequences of perinatal damage to the nervous system, have been determined. Special attention should be paid to the issue of the minimum use of drugs in children with perinatal pathology. In this regard, an important task is to develop and scientifically substantiate new non-drug technologies for medical rehabilitation, especially in children under 1 year of age. Medical rehabilitation has the following aims: stimulation of blood circulation in the tissues of the brain, improvement of muscle tone by acting on the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system, activation of the processes of neuromuscular transmission and improvement of the psychomotor development of a child with perinatal pathology of the central nervous system. Medical rehabilitation of children with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system begins at the earliest possible date and is carried out by specialists of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team based on an individual medical rehabilitation program. At present, a wide range of non-drug technologies for medical rehabilitation of children with the consequences of perinatal damage to the central nervous system is used: therapeutic gymnastics, massage, kinesitherapy with a neuroreflex component according to the V. Vojta’s method, Bobath therapy. The analysis of publications presented in the review has shown that the inclusion of modern technologies of kinesitherapy and massage in the complex of rehabilitation measures in children with perinatal lesions can increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures, reduce the severity of movement disorders, and decrease the incidence of cerebral palsy.