Issues of intensification of aquaculture production and new approaches to the development of the salmon industry

Abstract

The article deals with the issue of providing the world population with food. Data on the consumption and impact of food products from aquatic biological resources on food security in general and on the level of consumption of animal protein are presented. It is shown that in order to achieve sustainable development of the fish processing industry, it is necessary to constantly increase production volumes and expand the raw material base. The possibilities of increasing the volume of aquaculture production in various regions of the world and the problems associated with this are considered. It is indicated that a further increase in aquaculture production is possible due to pasture aquaculture and intensification of production due to feeding. For the successful implementation of the first option, it is necessary to involve new water areas and optimize the species composition, and for the second it is important to ensure an acceptable environmental load and the fullest possible use of feed. The method of intensification due to feeding is more in demand, however, the production and use of feed with a high protein content have a significant impact on the environment. It is noted that the largest amount of such feed is used in the production of salmon species. As a measure to smooth out the negative effects of salmon production, modern approaches to increasing the productivity of marine aquaculture are considered. One of the measures indicated is the possibility of growing coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum) as part of the implementation of the concept of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, where the natural food chain is simulated. The target species in the process of vital activity creates conditions for the production of food of another species, with this approach, the energy introduced into the artificial system is most fully used, and the principle of sustainable biomass production is implemented.