Modern approaches to screening diagnostics of the risk of metabolic syndrome based on integrated clinical and laboratory indicators (review)

Abstract

The wide prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), its high comorbidity with diseases of the circulatory system and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as the possibility of reversibility of cardiometabolic risk with adequate prevention and a healthy lifestyle determine the high importance of early detection of MS during mass preventive examinations. Based on the generalization of modern domestic and foreign experience in the use of integrated clinical and laboratory indicators in the screening diagnosis of MS, the advantages, limitations, disadvantages and threshold values of the physiological norm of the most popular indirect anthropometric indices of central and abdominal obesity (body mass index, waist circumference, waist circumference to height ratio, body shape index), surrogate markers of adipose tissue dysfunction (lipid accumulation index and visceral obesity index) are considered, non-insulin methods for detecting disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (metabolic index), criteria for blood plasma atherogenicity (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Castelli II risk index, cholesterol coefficient of atherogenicity, plasma atherogenic risk index). It is shown that the use of calculated ratios of routine anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference) and biochemical parameters (glucose level, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides), allows to increase the sensitivity and prognostic significance of generally recognized criteria for cardiometabolic risk in mass screening examinations of the population.