Pure-breeding and two-breed crossbreeding of pigs of different ecogenesis under industrial technology conditions in Western Siberia

Abstract

Currently, in Western Siberia zoned breeds of animals are used for industrial crossbreeding such as Large White, Landrace, etc. These breeds as well as their crosses will continue to make up the main share in pig breeding in the region. Recently, the import of meat breeds in order to improve fattening and pork traits of pigs have been used. For example, at the end of the 20th century pigs of Estonian bacon breed, boars of German Landrace and Kahib breeds of Hungarian breeding were brought to the Novosibirsk region. The purpose of the research was to analyze pure-breeding and two-breed crossbreeding of pigs of diff erent ecogenesis under industrial technology conditions in Western Siberia. A comparative assessment of the reproductive and productive traits of Large White breed sows was carried out during pure-breeding and crossbreeding with boars of meat breeds such as Estonian bacon, Kahib and Landrace. In order to carry out the research, 4 groups of animals were formed, which were under the same feeding and housing conditions. In the animal breeding area, soil, water and feed were monitored for the content of heavy metals, and no excess of the MAC was found. The main indicators characterizing reproductive traits and traits of productivity have been studied. With pure-breeding (♂ Large White × ♀ Large White), the prolifi cacy of sows were 10,7 piglets, and the litter weight was 168,5 kg. Under the conditions of Western Siberia, with the two-breed crossbreeding of Large White breed sows with Estonian Bacon, Kahib and Landrace boars the weight of hybrids at 2 months of age in all cases was in the range of 180–186,4 kg and statistically significantly exceeded purebred Large White breed herdmates (p < 0,001). Thus, differences in the growth rates of crossbred and purebred young animals depended on the combination of breeds chosen for industrial crossbreeding.