Medicinal compositions based on natural vegetal raw materials and individual substances for prevention and treatment of urolithiasis: substantiation of composition and biological screening

Abstract

Kidney and urinary tract diseases are an urgent problem of our time. An increase in the level of kidney and urinary tract diseases occurs with a decrease in the quality of life and ecology. Recently, due to changes in nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, and the impact of various adverse environmental factors, the formation of kidney stones has become increasingly common. Numerous metabolic disorders in urolithiasis require the use of various drugs. At the same time, despite the constant expansion of the range of synthetic drugs, herbal drugs occupy a significant place in the treatment and prevention of kidney pathology. Therefore, the creation of combinations of medicinal plant raw materials and individual chemical substances that are effective in urolithiasis is an urgent issue of modern medicine and pharmacy. Purpose. Establishing optimal ratios within constructed combinations for membrane-stabilizing and antioxidant activity as an indirect measure of specific activity The scientific novelty of the study is the design of compositions effective for dissolving urinary calculus. Materials and methods. We used technological methods for designing compositions based on natural plant raw materials and individual chemical substances — indapamide, ketoprofen, and mexidol. Biological methods: the effect of the developed combinations on daphnia was studied. Biological screening characterizes the presence of membrane-stabilizing and antioxidant effects in the developed formulations and can be a preliminary indicator for determining specific activity. Results. It was found that the most effective compositions for the vital activities of daphnia were: Composition 1: Sum of individual dry extracts + Indapamide Composition 2: Sum of individual dry extracts + Ketoprofen Composition 3: Sum of individual dry extracts + Mexidol Conclusion. We have developed the following compositions: 1. Sum of individual phytoextracts (dyer’s madder rhizomes with roots (extractant — 70 % ethanol), Orthosiphon stamineus leaves (extractant — 40 % ethanol), knot grass (extractant — 70 % ethanol), birch buds (extractant — 70 % ethanol), peppermint leaves (extractant — 96 % ethanol), bay laurel leaves (extractant — 40 % ethanol), common licorice rhizomes with roots (extractant — 0.25 % ammonia solution) + indapamide. 2. Sum of individual phytoextracts (dyer’s madder rhizomes with roots (extractant — 70 % ethanol), Orthosiphon stamineus leaves (extractant — 40 % ethanol), knot grass (extractant — 70 % ethanol), birch buds (extractant — 70 % ethanol), peppermint leaves (extractant — 96 % ethanol), bay laurel leaves (extractant — 40 % ethanol), common licorice rhizomes with roots (extractant — 0.25 % ammonia solution) + ketoprofen. 3. Sum of individual phytoextracts (dyer’s madder rhizomes with roots (extractant — 70 % ethanol), Orthosiphon stamineus leaves (extractant — 40 % ethanol), knot grass (extractant — 70 % ethanol), birch buds (extractant — 70 % ethanol), peppermint leaves (extractant — 96 % ethanol), bay laurel leaves (extractant — 40 % ethanol), common licorice rhizomes with roots (extractant — 0.25 % ammonia solution) + mexidol. They have membrane-stabilizing and antioxidant activity, which has been tested by biological screening on daphnia. The presence of these two types of activity is the initial screening for a subsequent pharmacological study — the determination of specific activity.