"Sanction catechism": historical parallels of modern restrictions in international economic relations (part 1)

Abstract

The development of international economic relations in the post-war decades took place in the context of consistent globalization, the opening of national markets, and the liberalization of cross-border mobility of production factors. The system of international economic institutions that was being formed at the same time contributed to the increasing benefi ts of countries from participating in the international division of labor. At the same time, the increase in economic openness gave rise to more and more contradictions and problems: intercountry inequality grew, the debt burden of many countries, distortions in international exchange formed. The outbreak of the trade confl ict between the US and China has become, perhaps, one of the most dramatic events, blurring the existing contours of liberal international exchange. In fact, at the present time we are talking about the "sanctions catechism" as a new doctrine, a new system of views integrating disparate and highly contradictory approaches to the study of sanctions and sanctions regimes. The purpose of our study was to review the theoretical concepts, approaches and tools for imposing sanctions in modern international economic relations. With the growth of contradictions in the global economy in international practice, the use of various kinds of economic sanctions has increased on a large scale, which have become a kind of context for the development of modern international economic relations. As shown in article, the evolution of the practice of applying economic sanctions gives rise to more and more research problems related to the deglobalization of the world economy, new technological trends in its development, as well as to the increasing global crises, in particular, the crisis, caused by the corona virus pandemic.