1. Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
3. Division of Statistics and Data Science, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
4. Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
5. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, the United States
6. Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan