TURNOVER MONITORING OF ANTIMICROBIAL VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS IN UKRAINE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF MASTITIS IN DIARY COWS

Abstract

The goal of this study was to continue the implementation of the OIE recommendations for monitoring sales amounts of antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products. The subject of the study were intramammary antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products, which were used to treat and prevent mastitis in cows. The problem of diagnostic, treating, and preventing mastitis is crucial for farms, as mastitis is a multifactorial disease that can cause significant economic losses. One of the principal factors in the development of mastitis is the invasion of pathogens, which causes subclinical and clinical infections of the udder. Antimicrobials for intramammary use has been a significant advance in the treatment of this disease, in both the lactation and dry-off periods. The study was conducted over four periods (from January 1 to December 31) during 2016-2019. The data were obtained through a written survey of marketing authorization holders and distributors and evaluated by qualitative and quantitative indices. Characteristics of annual sales amounts during 2016-2019 are presented by classes of antimicrobial substances in «kg» and «%» of active ingredients, as well as in defined daily DDDvet and course DCDvet doses for 1000 animals. Intramammary antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products occupied (0.06-0.44) % part among all antimicrobials sold. The classes of antimicrobial substances that are most often sold (penicillins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines) were determined and were shown the differences in their use in the composition of products intended for lactating and dry cows. Mass fractions were also determined, and daily DDDvet and course DCDvet doses per 1000 animals were calculated, which allowed revealing particular trends in sales of antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products for intramammary administration. The defined course doses for the products intended for lactating cows were 5 times higher, than for the products used in the dry-off period.  First-generation and third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were among the critically important veterinary medicinal products, but their sales were not annual. Cephalosporins of all generations and fluoroquinolones are characterized by a tendency to decrease in sales amounts, which testify to their prudent use following the National Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance, 2019. This study is maintenance of the national monitoring system implementation for the rational and prudent use of antimicrobial products in veterinary medicine.