ETIOTROPIC THERAPY OF BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY AND INTESTINAL INFECTIONS OF CATTLE

Abstract

Bacterial infections take one of the main places in the pathology of cattle. The article presents a literature review on the etiotropic therapy of bacterial respiratory and intestinal diseases of cattle. Means of etiotropic therapy of bacterial infections are chemotherapeutic drugs, the active substances of which are antibiotics and sulfonamides, to which the causative agents of these diseases are sensitive. Respiratory infections are the most common diseases of young cattle. The causative agents of bacterial pneumonia include Mannheimia hemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma spp., Histophilus somni, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and others. For the treatment of pneumonia in young cattle, benzylpenicillin, aminopenicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin), tetracyclines (oxytetracycline, doxycycline), spectinomycin, combination of sulfonamide and trimethoprim, tiamulin, macrolides (tylosin, spiramycin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, gamithromycin), fluorphenicol, cephalosporins of the third or fourth generations (ceftiofur, cefquinome), fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, marbofloxacin) are mainly used. One of the most common diseases of calves from birth to 3 months of age is gastroenteritis with a complex of diarrheal symptoms. Bacterial agents that cause diarrhea include pathogenic escherichia, salmonella, clostridia, citrobacteria, enterococci, yersinia, pseudomonads, campylobacter, and others. Opportunistic microorganisms, what include bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, are played a special role in the occurrence of diseases of the digestive tract of young cattle. Etiotropic therapy of bacterial intestinal infections of calves with diarrhea syndrome is aimed at the causative agent of intestinal infection in the blood due to bacteremia and in the small intestine due to bacterial growth. Antimicrobial drugs of the first choice for the treatment of diarrheal enteritis of calves are parenteral amoxicillin and ampicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, a combination of sulfonamide/trimethoprim, and the second choice are cephalosporins of the third (ceftiofur) and fourth (cefquinome) generations. Aminoglycosides (neomycin, gentamicin, apramycin, spectinomycin) and fluoroquinolones are the last choice for the treatment of bacterial intestinal infections of calves. For the treatment of colibacteriosis and salmonellosis of calves, colistin, an antibiotic of the polymyxin group, what is a critically important antimicrobial drug for both veterinary and human medicine, is often used. It is important that the choice of means of etiotropic therapy of bacterial respiratory and intestinal infections of cattle is based on the antimicrobial sensitivity of the pathogen (pathogens) of the disease, what will increase the effectiveness of treatment and minimize the selection of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms.