Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in northwestern Ontario: A six-year retrospective study

Author:

Loewen Kassandra1,Kelly Len2,Olivier Chris3,Kirlew Mike4,Tobe Sheldon5,Saginur Raphael6,Schreiber Yoko6

Affiliation:

1. Anishinaabe Bimaadiziwin Research Program, Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada

2. Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre, Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada

3. Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

4. Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada

5. University of Toronto, Toronto, and Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

6. Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, and Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre, Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recent reports have described a high incidence of acute rheumatic fever in northwestern Ontario. However, the full burden of Group A streptococcal infection and its complications, including acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), in the region is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To document the pediatric and adult incidence of APSGN in a predominantly First Nations population in northwestern Ontario. METHODS: The present study was a retrospective case series conducted over a six-year period in a population of 29,000 in northwestern Ontario. Adults and children meeting selection criteria for possible, probable, or confirmed APSGN within the study period were included. Outcome measures included patient demographics, comorbidities, investigations, clinical course, and status of renal function at last follow-up. RESULTS: The authors identified 10 pediatric and five adult cases of APSGN. The incidence rate of APSGN for children <15 years of age was 20.8 cases per 100,000 person-years and, for adults, was 4.0 cases per 100,000 person-years. These rates are comparable with those observed in developing countries and more than triple the expected rate in the rest of Canada. CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of APSGN in northwestern Ontario exceeds the norm for a developed country. Inadequate, overcrowded housing and limited access to clean water experienced by many remote First Nations communities may drive the high burden of Group A streptococcal infection and its sequelae in this region.

Publisher

University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)

Reference51 articles.

1. Kirlew M, Rae S, Schroeter A, et al. Invasive CA-MRSA in northwestern Ontario: A 2-year prospective study. Can J Rural Med 2014;19:99–102.

2. Garrick R. Neskantaga issues call to action over living conditions. Wawatay News, May 15, 2014.

3. Bollinger M, Hopman W, Hamilton M, et al. Vancomycin use in a rural hospital: A 3 year retrospective study. CJRM 2015;20:56–62.

4. Gordon J, Kirlew M, Schreiber Y, et al. Acute rheumatic fever in First Nations communities in northwestern Ontario. Can Fam Physician 2015;61:881–6.

5. Carapetis J, Steer A, Mulholland E, et al. The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:685–94.

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