1. Paul-André Linteau, René Durocher, Jean-Claude Robert, and François Ricard,Histoire du Québec contemporain(Montreal: Boréal, 1989), 2:629. The facilities for the urban communities of Montreal and Quebec City, which were built in the 1990s, accounted for 60 per cent of the wastewater treatment capacity in Quebec at that time. See D. Ballay and J. F. Blais, “Le traitement des eaux usées,”Revue des sciences de l’eau/Journal of Water Science11 (1998): 77–86.
2. Mark Cioc,The Rhine: An Eco-Biography(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002); Thomas Lekan, “Saving the Rhine: Water, Ecology, and Heimat in Post-World War II Germany,” inRivers in History: Perspectives on Waterways in Europe and North America, ed. Christof Mauch and Thomas Zeller, 110–136 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008); Craig E. Colten, “Fluid Geographies: Urbanizing River Basins,” inUrban Rivers: Remaking Rivers, Cities, and Space in Europe and North America, ed. Stéphane Castonguay and Matthew Evenden, 201–18 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2012); Christelle Gramaglia, “De la passion de la pêche à la dénonciation des pollutions. Mise en forme d’une revendication (1958–1978),”Les Annales des Mines. Responsabilité et Environnement46 (April 2007): 53–59; Gabrielle Bouleau, “Pollution des rivières: mesurer pour démoraliser les contestations. Des plaintes des pêcheurs aux chiffres des experts,” inUne autre histoire des “Trente Glorieuses.” Modernisation, contestations et pollutions dans la France d’après-guerre, ed. Christophe Bonneuil, Céline Pessis, and Sezin Topçu, 211–229 (Paris: La Découverte, 2013).
3. Pierre Lascoumes,Action publique et environnement(Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2012), 9–10.
4. Arn Keeling, “Urban Waste Sinks as a Natural Resource: The Case of the Fraser River,”Urban History Review/Revue d’histoire urbaine34, no. 1 (2005): 58–70; S. Bocking, “Constructing Urban Expertise: Professional and Political Authority in Toronto, 1940–1970,”Journal of Urban History33, no. 1 (2006): 51–76; Timothy M. Collins, Edward K. Muller, and Joel A. Tarr, “Pittsburgh’s Three Rivers: From Industrial Infrastructure to Environmental Asset,” inRivers in History: Perspectives on Waterways in Europe and North America, ed. Christof Mauch and Thomas Zeller, 41–62 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008); Christopher Armstrong, Matthew Evenden, and Henry Vivian Nelles,The River Returns: An Environmental History of the Bow(Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2009); Jérôme Rollin, “La protection des petites rivières périurbaines dans les Bouches-du-Rhône depuis les années 1960: Une analyse de la construction locale de la norme environnementale,”Géocarrefour85, no. 3 (2010): 229–240; Michèle Dagenais,Montréal et l’eau: Une histoire environnementale(Montreal: Boréal, 2011).
5. Mario Carrier and Patrick Gingras, "Les villes moyennes. Analyse démographique et économique, 1971-2001: note de recherche," Recherches sociographiques 45, no. 3 (2004): 569-592