1. Lorne Parton,Vancouver Province, 24 May 1969, reel 639, University of Victoria Microforms Centre (hereafter UVMC).
2. A short history is provided in Chas. T. Hamilton,A Synoptic History of the Air Pollution Control Society, Vancouver, BC (n.d.), folder 2, box 146-A-4, Air Pollution Control Society, City of Vancouver Archives (hereafter CVA). The APCS was known as the Kleneair Society for its first few years.
3. A telling comparison made by 1920s Mayor C.E. Tisdall is noted in Eric Nicol’s history of Vancouver. Tisdall is paraphrased as saying that air quality was worse in Vancouver than in his boyhood home in “Black Country” England. Nevertheless, Nicol characterizes that situation as “merely a continuing nuisance” to Vancouver. Eric Nicol,Vancouver(Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 1970), 151.
4. Robert R. Alford and Roger Friedland,Powers of Theory: Capitalism, the State, and Democracy(London: Cambridge University Press), 6.
5. George A. Gonzalez,The Politics of Air Pollution: Urban Growth, Ecological Modernizations, and Symbolic Inclusion(Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005); Owen Temby, “Environmental Nuisances and Political Contestation in Canadian Cities: Research on the Regulation of Urban Growth’s Unwanted Outcomes,”Urban History Review44, no. 1–2 (Spring 2016): 5–9.