Assessing Diversity and Cultural Competency among Canadian Physiotherapists: A Cross-Sectional Survey Part 1

Abstract

Purpose: The aims of this study were to describe cultural diversity among physiotherapists, to understand the challenges to the delivery of physiotherapy to equity-seeking communities, and to measure and assess factors associated with cultural competency. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey (57-items) of Canadian physiotherapists that assessed demographics, cultural competency, and challenges in delivery of rehabilitation. We used backwards elimination method to develop our regression models, and cross-validated by estimating shrinkage. Results: Our sample included 808 physiotherapists (Female: 77.8%). Most practitioners identified as White/Caucasian, with Indigenous populations significantly under-represented. Physiotherapists exhibited high scores in cultural awareness and sensitivity (Mean: 6.0/7 [95% CI: 6.0, 6.1]), with lower scores for cultural competency behaviours (Mean: 4.5/7 [4.4, 4.5]). There was a weak association between gender (men), uncertainty regarding the presence of cultural health disparities, race (White/Caucasian), prior diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) training, and DEI attitudes ( R2 = 0.17, p < 0.0001) with cultural awareness and sensitivity. There was also weak association between engagement in prior DEI training, cultural awareness and sensitivity scores, increased years of clinical experience and race (White/Caucasian) with culturally competent behavioural scores ( R2 = 0.13, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings suggest the need to improve current educational structures in DEI and promote recruitment of diverse physiotherapists. Clinical Implications: This work may help policy makers and educational institutions in developing initiatives for cultural competence.