1. Acknowledgment: Social Sciences Foundation of Jiangsu Province, Grant / Award Number: 20YSC007. The Zhishan Young Scholar Program (Southeast University, China), The Special Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province Grant / Award Number: 2020SJB0131.
2. Throughout this article, the roman form “Kuiba” refers to a devil creature, whereas the italicized form “Kuiba” relates to the animation series.
3. “Kuiba: 95 per Cent Mathematics and 5 per Cent Art in Chinese Original Animation” [in Chinese], Tencent Finance, 1 August 2011, https://finance.qq.com/a/20110801/004491.htm. Kindness, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness are the Five Cardinal Virtues of Confucianism, first proposed by Confucius and then developed by successive Confucian scholars. The Confucian tradition emphasizes that the perfect man must possess these virtues. See David Stent, Religious Studies: Made Simple (London: Heinemann, 1983), 170.
4. The target readers and audience of Japanese Shonen manga and anime are young boys under the age of fifteen.
5. John A. Lent and Ying Xu, “Chinese Animation Film: From Experimentation to Digitalization,” in Art, Politics, and Commerce in Chinese Cinema, ed. Ying Zhu and Stanley Rosen (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2010), 112.