A single bout of prior resistance exercise attenuates muscle atrophy and declines in myofibrillar protein synthesis during bed‐rest in older men

Author:

Smeuninx Benoit12ORCID,Elhassan Yasir S.34,Sapey Elizabeth5,Rushton Alison B.1,Morgan Paul T.1,Korzepa Marie1,Belfield Archie E.1,Philp Andrew6,Brook Matthew S.78ORCID,Gharahdaghi Nima78,Wilkinson Daniel78ORCID,Smith Kenneth78ORCID,Atherton Philip J.78ORCID,Breen Leigh1910ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

2. Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia

3. Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

4. Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Birmingham Health Partners Birmingham UK

5. Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

6. Centre for Healthy Ageing Centenary Institute Camperdown New South Wales Australia

7. Centre Of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), School of Medicine University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre Derby UK

8. MRC‐ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research University of Nottingham Derby UK

9. MRC‐ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

10. NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

Abstract

AbstractImpairments in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) during bed rest accelerate skeletal muscle loss in older adults, increasing the risk of adverse secondary health outcomes. We investigated the effect of prior resistance exercise (RE) on MyoPS and muscle morphology during a disuse event in 10 healthy older men (65–80 years). Participants completed a single bout of unilateral leg RE the evening prior to 5 days of in‐patient bed‐rest. Quadriceps cross‐sectional area (CSA) was determined prior to and following bed‐rest. Serial muscle biopsies and dual stable isotope tracers were used to determine rates of integrated MyoPS (iMyoPS) over a 7 day habitual ‘free‐living’ phase and the bed‐rest phase, and rates of acute postabsorptive and postprandial MyoPS (aMyoPS) at the end of bed rest. Quadriceps CSA at 40%, 60% and 80% of muscle length significantly decreased in exercised (EX) and non‐exercised control (CTL) legs with bed‐rest. The decline in quadriceps CSA at 40% and 60% of muscle length was attenuated in EX compared with CTL. During bed‐rest, iMyoPS rates decreased from habitual values in CTL, but not EX, and were significantly different between legs. Postprandial aMyoPS rates increased above postabsorptive values in EX only. The change in iMyoPS over bed‐rest correlated with the change in quadriceps CSA in CTL, but not EX. A single bout of RE attenuated the decline in iMyoPS rates and quadriceps atrophy with 5 days of bed‐rest in older men. Further work is required to understand the functional and clinical implications of prior RE in older patient populations. imageKey points Age‐related skeletal muscle deterioration, linked to numerous adverse health outcomes, is driven by impairments in muscle protein synthesis that are accelerated during periods of disuse. Resistance exercise can stimulate muscle protein synthesis over several days of recovery and therefore could counteract impairments in this process that occur in the early phase of disuse. In the present study, we demonstrate that the decline in myofibrillar protein synthesis and muscle atrophy over 5 days of bed‐rest in older men was attenuated by a single bout of unilateral resistance exercise performed the evening prior to bed‐rest. These findings suggest that concise resistance exercise intervention holds the potential to support muscle mass retention in older individuals during short‐term disuse, with implications for delaying sarcopenia progression in ageing populations.

Funder

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Physiology

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