Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition does not improve the acute pressure natriuresis response in rats with type 1 diabetes

Abstract

New Findings What is the central question of this study?Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with both diabetic and non‐diabetic kidney disease: can SGLT2 inhibition improve renal pressure natriuresis (PN), an important mechanism for long‐term blood pressure control, which is impaired in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)? What is the main finding and its importance?The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin did not enhance the acute in vivo PN response in either healthy or T1DM Sprague–Dawley rats. The data suggest that the mechanism underpinning the clinical benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors on health is unlikely to be due to an enhanced natriuretic response to increased blood pressure. AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) leads to serious complications including premature cardiovascular and kidney disease. Hypertension contributes importantly to these adverse outcomes. The renal pressure natriuresis (PN) response, a key regulator of blood pressure (BP), is impaired in rats with T1DM as tubular sodium reabsorption fails to down‐regulate with increasing BP. We hypothesised that sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which reduce cardiovascular risk in kidney disease, would augment the PN response in T1DM rats. Non‐diabetic or T1DM (35–50 mg/kg streptozotocin i.p.) adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were anaesthetised (thiopental 50 mg/kg i.p.) and randomised to receive either dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle. Baseline sodium excretion was measured and then BP was increased by sequential arterial ligations to induce the PN response. In non‐diabetic animals, the natriuretic and diuretic responses to increasing BP were not augmented by dapagliflozin. Dapagliflozin induced glycosuria, but this was not influenced by BP. In T1DM rats the PN response was impaired. Dapagliflozin again increased urinary glucose excretion but did not enhance PN. Inhibition of SGLT2 does not enhance the PN response in rats, either with or without T1DM. SGLT2 makes only a minor contribution to tubular sodium reabsorption and does not contribute to the impaired PN response in T1DM.