Prevalence of Renal Osteodystrophy and its Related Factors among End-stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Report from Imam Reza Referral Hospital of Medical University of Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

Objectives: We sought to determine the prevalence of renal osteodystrophy (ROD) and its related factors in a group consisting of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: A total of 128 ESRD patients (52 men and 76 women) with a mean age of 59.3 years undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at Imam Reza Referral Hospital, Iran were included in this cross-sectional study. We measured serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and determined 150 to 300 pg/mL as the desirable range for the values. Values lower or higher than this range were used to determine ROD. Furthermore, this study investigated the association of ROD with clinical and laboratory variables (age at the onset of renal failure, hemodialysis sessions per week, clinical symptoms associated with ROD, and serum calcium and phosphate levels). Results: ROD was diagnosed in 93 (72.7%) out of 128 patients studied. Of them, 53 (41.4%) patients had PTH levels above 300 pg/mL (high bone turnover, HTO group) and 40 patients (31.3%) had PTH levels below 150 pg/mL (low bone turnover, LTO group). No statistically significant difference was detected in terms of ROD-related clinical findings (p =0.110), age at the time of ESRD diagnosis (p =0.200), and the number of hemodialysis sessions per week (p =0.200). Hyperphosphatemia was more prevalent in the ROD group (n = 52, 57.1%) compared with 11 patients (31.4%) included in the group without ROD (p =0.004). Conclusions: The prevalence rate of ROD in this study was significant, and it was largely consistent with the rate reported in some Asian countries. Hyperphosphatemia were laboratory variables closely related to ROD.