Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

The emergence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased and becoming a serious concern world-wide including India. Additionally, MRSA isolates are showing resistance to other chemotherapeutic agents. Isolated and valuable reports on prevalence of MRSA are available in India and there is no systematic review on prevalence of MRSA at one place, hence this study was planned. The overall prevalence of MRSA in human population of India was evaluated by state-wise, zone-wise and year-wise. Systematic search from PubMed, Indian journals, Google scholar and J-Gate Plus was carried out and retrieved 98 eligible articles published from 2015 to 2019 in India. The statistical analysis of data was conducted using R software. The overall prevalence of MRSA was found to be 37% (95% CI: 32-41%) during 2015– 2 2019. The pooled prevalence of MRSA zone-wise was found to be 41% (95%CI: 33-50%), 43% (95% CI: 20-68%), 33% (95% CI: 24-43%), 34% (95% CI: 26-42%), 36 % (95% CI: 25-47%) and 40% (95% CI: 23-58%) for north, east, west, south, central and north east region-zones, respectively. The state-wise stratified results showed a predominance of MRSA in Jammu & Kashmir with 55% (95% CI: 42-67%) prevalence and that of lowest was 21% (95% CI: 11-34%) in Maharashtra. The study indicated that the prevalence data will be of help in formulating and strict implementation of control measures in hospital areas to prevent outbreak of MRSA infection and management of antibiotic usage.