This chapter discusses sociology in general before comparing sociology in Britain with that in Sweden. If sociology refers to the discipline taught and studied at sociology departments around the world, then it is a divided discipline. Some sociologists regard their intellectual activity as a vehicle for social change rather than as work within an academic discipline. This is not problematic as long as they, in their academic work, stick to the rules of science, use empirical evidence to test their hypotheses rather than to illustrate them, and publish results that are in contradiction to their aims. This chapter also examines the debate on whether sociology is a literature or a science, and whether the British Sociological Association is a professional organization or a learned society.