Characteristics of morphofunctional indicators of athletes-swimmers

Abstract

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the morphofunctional indicators of athletes-swimmers, since the structure of sports activity and its implementation are primarily determined by the morphofunctional characteristics of the athlete's body, therefore the components of the body's functional readiness for such activities are also considered. Morpho-functional indicators are indicators used to assess the physical development of an athlete, such as parameters of body length and weight, proportions of the development of individual parts of the athlete and the level of development of the functional abilities of the athlete's body, namely, vital capacity of the lungs, muscle strength of the hands, development musculature and muscle tone, posture, musculoskeletal system, development of the subcutaneous fat layer. The level of functional readiness is determined using such functional tests as Rufier, Stange, Genchi, as well as various tests and indices. They are closely related to physical performance and the level of the athlete's biological condition in a certain period of time. The state of these indicators depends both on the body's natural vital forces and on its body structure. Highly qualified swimmers, in terms of their anthropometry and morphofunctional indicators, differ significantly not only from representatives of other types of sports and cycling, in particular, but also have differences, according to swimming specialization, that is, according to those distances and those methods of sports swimming in which the athlete competes, and this ultimately affects their swimming performance. In addition, various aspects of the dynamics of changes in anthropometric and morphofunctional indicators of both young swimmers and adult athletes according to age periods and stages of their training are presented.