The effects of exposure to microplastics in drinking water on sperm parameters and TNP1 and TNP2 sperm nuclear protein genes

Abstract

Purpose: Microplastics have emerged as a significant concern amid the rise in environmental pollution. Nevertheless, the potential impacts of microplastics present in drinking water on human health remain inadequately understood. This study aims to explore the exposure to microplastics in drinking water among men who consume water from plastic bottles and carboys compared to those who consume tap water. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in the study, 50 of whom used only tap water and 50 of whom used plastic bottles and carboys. In addition, this study evaluated the effects of exposure on sperm parameters and potential effects on the expression levels of the sperm nuclear protein genes transition protein 1 gene (TNP1) and TNP2. Results: According to the findings, it was observed that the incidence of amorphous headache anomalies among individuals using plastic bottled water was significantly higher compared to those using tap water. In addition, the coiled tail anomaly and the terminal droplet anomaly in the tail were also observed to be significantly higher in people using plastic bottles compared to those using tap water. The results show that exposure to microplastics in drinking water can affect male sperm parameters and alter the expression of TNP1 and TNP2 genes. Conclusion: It was found that there were differences in exposure levels between those who consumed plastic bottles and carboy water, and those who consumed municipal water.