Mechanisms of resistance to oncogenic KRAS inhibition in pancreatic cancer

Author:

Dilly Julien1ORCID,Hoffman Megan T.1ORCID,Abbassi Laleh1ORCID,Li Ziyue1ORCID,Paradiso Francesca2ORCID,Parent Brendan D.1ORCID,Hennessey Connor J.1ORCID,Jordan Alexander C.1ORCID,Morgado Micaela1ORCID,Dasgupta Shatavisha3ORCID,Uribe Giselle A.1ORCID,Yang Annan1ORCID,Kapner Kevin S.4ORCID,Hambitzer Felix P.1ORCID,Qiang Li5ORCID,Feng Hanrong5ORCID,Geisberg Jacob1ORCID,Wang Junning6ORCID,Evans Kyle E.1ORCID,Lyu Hengyu7ORCID,Schalck Aislyn2ORCID,Feng Ningping2ORCID,Lopez Anastasia M.2ORCID,Bristow Christopher A.2ORCID,Kim Michael P.2ORCID,Rajapakshe Kimal I.8ORCID,Bahrambeigi Vahid7ORCID,Roth Jennifer A.3ORCID,Garg Kavita9ORCID,Guerrero Paola A.7ORCID,Stanger Ben Z.10ORCID,Cristea Simona5ORCID,Lowe Scott W.11ORCID,Baslan Timour11ORCID,Van Allen Eliezer M.1ORCID,Mancias Joseph D.1ORCID,Chan Emily12ORCID,Anderson Abraham13ORCID,Katlinskaya Yuliya V.13ORCID,Shalek Alex K.14ORCID,Hong David S.7ORCID,Pant Shubham2ORCID,Hallin Jill15ORCID,Anderes Kenna15ORCID,Olson Peter15ORCID,Heffernan Timothy P.16ORCID,Chugh Seema1ORCID,Christensen James G.15ORCID,Maitra Anirban8ORCID,Wolpin Brian M.17ORCID,Raghavan Srivatsan18ORCID,Nowak Jonathan A.19ORCID,Winter Peter S.14ORCID,Dougan Stephanie K.1ORCID,Aguirre Andrew J.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States

2. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States

3. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States

4. Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, United States

5. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States

6. Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States

7. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States

8. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States

9. Resolution Bioscience, United States

10. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

11. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States

12. Amgen (United States), Thousand Oaks, CA, United States

13. Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States

14. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States

15. Mirati Therapeutics (United States), San Diego, CA, United States

16. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States

17. Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States

18. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

19. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

Abstract

Abstract KRAS inhibitors demonstrate clinical efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, resistance is common. Among patients with KRASG12C-mutant PDAC treated with adagrasib or sotorasib, mutations in PIK3CA and KRAS, and amplifications of KRASG12C, MYC, MET, EGFR, and CDK6 emerged at acquired resistance. In PDAC cell lines and organoid models treated with the KRASG12D inhibitor MRTX1133, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling associate with resistance to therapy. MRTX1133 treatment of the KrasLSL-G12D/+;Trp53LSL-R172H/+;p48-Cre (KPC) mouse model yielded deep tumor regressions, but drug resistance ultimately emerged, accompanied by amplifications of Kras, Yap1, Myc, and Cdk6/Abcb1a/b, and co-evolution of drug-resistant transcriptional programs. Moreover, in KPC and PDX models, mesenchymal and basal-like cell states displayed increased response to KRAS inhibition compared to the classical state. Combination treatment with KRASG12D inhibition and chemotherapy significantly improved tumor control in PDAC mouse models. Collectively, these data elucidate co-evolving resistance mechanisms to KRAS inhibition and support multiple combination therapy strategies.

Publisher

American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

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