Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: Are There Racial Disparities in Use and Survival?

Abstract

Abstract Background: We investigated racial and ethnic disparities in treatment sequence [i.e., neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) plus interval debulking surgery (IDS) versus primary debulking surgery (PDS) plus adjuvant chemotherapy] among patients with ovarian cancer and its contribution to disparities in mortality. Methods: Study included 37,566 women ages ≥18 years, diagnosed with stage III/IV ovarian cancer from the National Cancer Database (2004–2017). Logistic regression was used to compute ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for racial and ethnic disparities in treatment sequence. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CI for racial and ethnic disparities in all-cause mortality. Results: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Asian women were more likely to receive NACT plus IDS relative to PDS plus adjuvant chemotherapy than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02–1.22 and OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.99–1.28, respectively). Compared with NHW women, NHB women had increased hazard of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09–1.20), whereas Asian and Hispanic women had a lower hazard of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74–0.88 and HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.77–0.88, respectively), which did not change after accounting for treatment sequence. Conclusions: NHB women were more likely to receive NACT plus IDS and experience a higher all-cause mortality rates than NHW women. Impact: Differences in treatment sequence did not explain racial disparities in all-cause mortality. Further evaluation of racial and ethnic differences in treatment and survival in a cohort of patients with detailed treatment information is warranted.