Comprehensive Genetic Profiling Reveals Frequent Alterations of Driver Genes on the X Chromosome in Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma

Author:

Ito Yuta12ORCID,Marouf Amira3ORCID,Kogure Yasunori1ORCID,Koya Junji1ORCID,Liévin Raphaël3ORCID,Bruneau Julie34ORCID,Tabata Mariko15ORCID,Saito Yuki16ORCID,Shingaki Sumito1ORCID,Yuasa Mitsuhiro17ORCID,Yamaguchi Kentaro18ORCID,Murakami Koichi18ORCID,Weil Robert9ORCID,Vavasseur Manon3ORCID,Andrieu Guillaume P.1011ORCID,Latiri Mehdi1011ORCID,Veleanu Layla1011ORCID,Dussiot Michaël3ORCID,André Isabelle12ORCID,Joshi Akshay12ORCID,Lagresle-Peyrou Chantal13ORCID,Magerus Aude14ORCID,Chaubard Sammara15ORCID,Lavergne David15ORCID,Bachy Emmanuel1617ORCID,Brunet Erika18ORCID,Fataccioli Virginie1920ORCID,Brouzes Chantal1011ORCID,Laurent Camille2122ORCID,de Leval Laurence23ORCID,Traverse-Glehen Alexandra24ORCID,Bossard Céline25ORCID,Parrens Marie26ORCID,Meignin Véronique27ORCID,Philippe Laure28ORCID,Rossignol Julien329ORCID,Suarez Felipe329ORCID,Michot Jean-Marie30ORCID,Tournilhac Olivier31ORCID,Damaj Gandhi32ORCID,Lemonnier François2033ORCID,Bôle-Feysot Christine34ORCID,Nitschké Patrick35ORCID,Tesson Bruno36ORCID,Laurent Cécile36ORCID,Molina Thierry34ORCID,Asnafi Vahid1011ORCID,Watatani Yosaku37ORCID,Chiba Kenichi38ORCID,Okada Ai38ORCID,Shiraishi Yuichi38ORCID,Tsukita Sachiko39ORCID,Izutsu Koji4041ORCID,Miyoshi Hiroaki42ORCID,Ohshima Koichi42ORCID,Sakata Seiji434445ORCID,Dobashi Akito434445ORCID,Takeuchi Kengo434445ORCID,Sanada Masashi46ORCID,Gaulard Philippe1920ORCID,Jaccard Arnaud15ORCID,Ogawa Seishi374748ORCID,Hermine Olivier329ORCID,Kataoka Keisuke18ORCID,Couronné Lucile311ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. 1

2. Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 2

3. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, INSERM UMR_S 1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. 3

4. Pathology Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France. 4

5. Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 5

6. Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 6

7. Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 7

8. Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 8

9. Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médiicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France. 9

10. INSERM UMR_S 1151, Necker Enfants Malades Institute (INEM), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. 10

11. Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France. 11

12. Human Lymphohematopoiesis Lab, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR_S 1163, Paris, France. 12

13. Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM CIC 1416, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France. 13

14. Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR_S 1163, Paris, France. 14

15. Hematology Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France. 15

16. Hematology Department, Lyon Civils Hospices, Lyon, France. 16

17. Lymphoma Immuno-Biology (LIB) Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France. 17

18. Laboratory of the Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Équipe Labéllisée La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université Paris Cité, Paris Saclay University, INSERM UMR_S 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France. 18

19. Pathology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Créteil, France. 19

20. INSERM U955, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, Paris-Est Créteil University, Créteil, France. 20

21. Department of Pathology, Cancer University Institute of Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France. 21

22. Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR 1037, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse III-Paul-Sabatier University, Toulouse, France. 22

23. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland. 23

24. Department of Pathology, Lyon Sud Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon-1 University, Pierre-Bénite, France. 24

25. Department of Pathology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. 25

26. Department of Pathology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France. 26

27. Pathology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. 27

28. Department of Hematology, Annecy Genevois Hospital, Epagny Metz-Tessy, France. 28

29. Hematology Department, Necker Children’s Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France. 29

30. Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Institute, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France. 30

31. Department of Hematology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France. 31

32. Department of Hematology, Caen University Hospital, Normandy University, Caen, France. 32

33. Hematology Department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Créteil, France. 33

34. Genomics Core Facility, Imagine Institute-SFR Necker, INSERM U1163 and INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. 34

35. INSERM UMR_S 1163, Bioinformatics Platform, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France. 35

36. Bioinformatics Department, LYSARC, Pierre-Bénite, France. 36

37. Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 37

38. Division of Genome Analysis Platform Development, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. 38

39. Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (ACRO), Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan. 39

40. Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 40

41. Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 41

42. Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan. 42

43. Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan. 43

44. Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan. 44

45. Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan. 45

46. Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan. 46

47. Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 47

48. Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. 48

Abstract

Abstract Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–related neoplasm with male dominance and a poor prognosis. A better understanding of the genetic alterations and their functional roles in ENKTCL could help improve patient stratification and treatments. In this study, we performed a comprehensive genetic analysis of 178 ENKTCL cases to delineate the landscape of mutations, copy number alterations (CNA), and structural variations, identifying 34 driver genes including six previously unappreciated ones, namely, HLA-B, HLA-C, ROBO1, CD58, POT1, and MAP2K1. Among them, CD274 (24%) was the most frequently altered, followed by TP53 (20%), CDKN2A (19%), ARID1A (15%), HLA-A (15%), BCOR (14%), and MSN (14%). Chromosome X losses were the most common arm-level CNAs in females (∼40%), and alterations of four X-linked driver genes (MSN, BCOR, DDX3X, and KDM6A) were more frequent in males and females harboring chromosome X losses. Among X-linked drivers, MSN was the most recurrently altered, and its expression was lost in approximately one-third of cases using immunohistochemical analysis. Functional studies of human cell lines showed that MSN disruption promoted cell proliferation and NF-κB activation. Moreover, MSN inactivation increased sensitivity to NF-κB inhibition in vitro and in vivo. In addition, recurrent deletions were observed at the origin of replication in the EBV genome (6%). Finally, by integrating the 34 drivers and 19 significant arm-level CNAs, nonnegative matrix factorization and consensus clustering identified two molecular groups with different genetic features and prognoses irrespective of clinical prognostic factors. Together, these findings could help improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in ENKTCL. Significance: Integrative genetic analyses and functional studies in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma identify frequent disruptions of X-linked drivers, reveal prognostic molecular subgroups, and uncover recurrent MSN alterations that confer sensitivity to NF-κB inhibition.

Funder

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI

SGH Foundation

Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund

MSD Life Science Foundation

Takeda Science Foundation

the Foundation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer

the France Lymphome Espoir association

the GEFLUC Paris-Ile de France

Institut Carnot CALYM

JANSSEN Horizon

Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation

Agence Nationale de la Recherche under the Investissements d’avenir program

ITMO Cancer AVIESAN

European Hematology Association

Programme exploration Japon Sciences de la vie

French Institute of Health and Medical Research

Japanese Society of Hematology

Imagine Institute

Publisher

American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

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