Immune Phenotypes and Target Antigens of Clonally Expanded Bone Marrow T Cells in Treatment-Naïve Multiple Myeloma

Author:

Welters Carlotta1ORCID,Lammoglia Cobo María Fernanda1ORCID,Stein Christian Alexander1ORCID,Hsu Meng-Tung2ORCID,Ben Hamza Amin1ORCID,Penter Livius13ORCID,Chen Xiaojing2ORCID,Buccitelli Christopher4ORCID,Popp Oliver4ORCID,Mertins Philipp4ORCID,Dietze Kerstin1ORCID,Bullinger Lars15ORCID,Moosmann Andreas67ORCID,Blanc Eric8ORCID,Beule Dieter8ORCID,Gerbitz Armin9ORCID,Strobel Julian10ORCID,Hackstein Holger10ORCID,Rahn Hans-Peter11ORCID,Dornmair Klaus12ORCID,Blankenstein Thomas2ORCID,Hansmann Leo15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. 1Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

2. 2Molecular Immunology and Gene Therapy, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin, Germany.

3. 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.

4. 4Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

5. 5German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

6. 6Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.

7. 7German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany.

8. 8Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

9. 9Hans Messner Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.

10. 10Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.

11. 11Preparative Flow Cytometry, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany.

12. 12Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Germany.

Abstract

Abstract Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy of monoclonal plasma cells that accumulate in the bone marrow. Despite their clinical and pathophysiologic relevance, the roles of bone marrow–infiltrating T cells in treatment-naïve patients are incompletely understood. We investigated whether clonally expanded T cells (i) were detectable in multiple myeloma bone marrow, (ii) showed characteristic immune phenotypes, and (iii) whether dominant clones recognized antigens selectively presented on multiple myeloma cells. Single-cell index sorting and T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ sequencing of bone marrow T cells from 13 treatment-naïve patients showed dominant clonal expansion within CD8+ cytolytic effector compartments, and only a minority of expanded T-cell clones expressed the classic immune-checkpoint molecules PD-1, CTLA-4, or TIM-3. To identify their molecular targets, TCRs of 68 dominant bone marrow clones from five selected patients were reexpressed and incubated with multiple myeloma and non–multiple myeloma cells from corresponding patients. Only 1 of 68 TCRs recognized antigen presented on multiple myeloma cells. This TCR was HLA-C–restricted, self-peptide–specific and could be activated by multiple myeloma cells of multiple patients. The remaining dominant T-cell clones did not recognize multiple myeloma cells and were, in part, specific for antigens associated with chronic viral infections. In conclusion, we showed that dominant bone marrow T-cell clones in treatment-naïve patients rarely recognize antigens presented on multiple myeloma cells and exhibit low expression of classic immune-checkpoint molecules. Our data provide experimental context for experiences from clinical immune-checkpoint inhibition trials and will inform future T cell–dependent therapeutic strategies.

Funder

Deutsche Krebshilfe

Berliner Krebsgesellschaft e.V.

Deutschen Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung

European Union ERC Advanced Grant

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Publisher

American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

Subject

Cancer Research,Immunology

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