Mitochondrial Matrix Protease ClpP Agonists Inhibit Cancer Stem Cell Function in Breast Cancer Cells by Disrupting Mitochondrial Homeostasis

Author:

Greer Yoshimi Endo1ORCID,Hernandez Lidia1,Fennell Emily M.J.2,Kundu Manjari1,Voeller Donna1,Chari Raj3ORCID,Gilbert Samuel F.1ORCID,Gilbert Thomas S.K.2,Ratnayake Shashikala4,Tang Binwu5,Hafner Markus6ORCID,Chen Qingrong4,Meerzaman Daoud4,Iwanowicz Edwin7,Annunziata Christina M.1ORCID,Graves Lee M.2ORCID,Lipkowitz Stanley1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. 1Women's Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.

2. 2Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

3. 3Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland.

4. 4Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, NCI, Rockville, Maryland.

5. 5Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.

6. 6RNA Molecular Biology Group, Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.

7. 7Madera Therapeutics, LLC, Cary, North Carolina.

Abstract

Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles which are important for bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and signaling in metazoans. Mitochondrial functions are frequently altered in cancer to promote both the energy and the necessary metabolic intermediates for biosynthesis required for tumor growth. Cancer stem cells (CSC) contribute to chemotherapy resistance, relapse, and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that while non-stem, bulk cancer cells utilize glycolysis, breast CSCs are more dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and therefore targeting mitochondria may inhibit CSC function. We previously reported that small molecule ONC201, which is an agonist for the mitochondrial caseinolytic protease (ClpP), induces mitochondrial dysfunction in breast cancer cells. In this study, we report that ClpP agonists inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation and CSC function in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that OxPhos inhibition downregulates multiple pathways required for CSC function, such as the mevalonate pathway, YAP, Myc, and the HIF pathway. ClpP agonists showed significantly greater inhibitory effect on CSC functions compared with other mitochondria-targeting drugs. Further studies showed that ClpP agonists deplete NAD(P)+ and NAD(P)H, induce redox imbalance, dysregulate one-carbon metabolism and proline biosynthesis. Downregulation of these pathways by ClpP agonists further contribute to the inhibition of CSC function. In conclusion, ClpP agonists inhibit breast CSC functions by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis in breast cancer cells and inhibiting multiple pathways critical to CSC function. Significance: ClpP agonists disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis by activating mitochondrial matrix protease ClpP. We report that ClpP agonists inhibit cell growth and CSC functions in breast cancer models by modulating multiple metabolic pathways essential to CSC function.

Funder

HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute

Publisher

American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

Reference78 articles.

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