E2F1-Associated Purine Synthesis Pathway Is a Major Component of the MET-DNA Damage Response Network

Author:

Poliaková Turan Michaela123ORCID,Riedo Rahel12ORCID,Medo Matúš12ORCID,Pozzato Chiara12ORCID,Friese-Hamim Manja4ORCID,Koch Jonas P.123ORCID,Coggins Si’Ana A.5ORCID,Li Qun5ORCID,Kim Baek56ORCID,Albers Joachim7ORCID,Aebersold Daniel M.12ORCID,Zamboni Nicola89ORCID,Zimmer Yitzhak12ORCID,Medová Michaela12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. 1

2. Department for BioMedical Research, Radiation Oncology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 2

3. Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 3

4. Corporate Animal Using Vendor and Vivarium Governance (SQ-AV), Corporate Sustainability, Quality, Trade Compliance (SQ), Animal Affairs (SQ-A), The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. 4

5. Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. 5

6. College of Pharmacy, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. 6

7. Research Unit Oncology, The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. 7

8. Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. 8

9. PHRT Swiss Multi-Omics Center, Zurich, Switzerland. 9

Abstract

Abstract Various lines of investigation support a signaling interphase shared by receptor tyrosine kinases and the DNA damage response. However, the underlying network nodes and their contribution to the maintenance of DNA integrity remain unknown. We explored MET-related metabolic pathways in which interruption compromises proper resolution of DNA damage. Discovery metabolomics combined with transcriptomics identified changes in pathways relevant to DNA repair following MET inhibition (METi). METi by tepotinib was associated with the formation of γH2AX foci and with significant alterations in major metabolic circuits such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and purine, pyrimidine, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. 5′-Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide, a de novo purine synthesis pathway metabolite, was consistently decreased in in vitro and in vivo MET-dependent models, and METi-related depletion of dNTPs was observed. METi instigated the downregulation of critical purine synthesis enzymes including phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, which catalyzes 5′-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide synthesis. Genes encoding these enzymes are regulated through E2F1, whose levels decrease upon METi in MET-driven cells and xenografts. Transient E2F1 overexpression prevented dNTP depletion and the concomitant METi-associated DNA damage in MET-driven cells. We conclude that DNA damage following METi results from dNTP reduction via downregulation of E2F1 and a consequent decline of de novo purine synthesis. Significance: Maintenance of genome stability prevents disease and affiliates with growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. We identified de novo purine synthesis as a pathway in which key enzymatic players are regulated through MET receptor and whose depletion via MET targeting explains MET inhibition-associated formation of DNA double-strand breaks. The mechanistic importance of MET inhibition-dependent E2F1 downregulation for interference with DNA integrity has translational implications for MET-targeting-based treatment of malignancies.

Publisher

American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

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