Prevalence and Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Secretariat Employees of Bangladesh

Abstract

Context: The pandemic of diabetes is more explosive in developing countries and Bangladesh is one of the top 10 countries estimated to have the highest numbers of people with diabetes in 2000 and 2030. Aims: The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes among secretariat employees of Bangladesh. Settings and Design: A random sample of 1000 employees of Bangladesh Secretariat was included in this cross sectional study. Methods and Material: Blood glucose levels, both Fasting (FPG) and 2-hours after 75gm load, total cholesterol, triglycerides were measured in each case. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, was measured as well as collection of information regarding risk factors and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis used: Univariate analysis of all variables was done. Cohen’s Kappa was used to find agreement and odds ratios were calculated to assess risk factors. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 12.3% and 7.5% according to FBG and 2-hours after 75gm glucose, respectively. Age of study population was e”20 years and male, female ratio was 4.75:1. The prevalence was almost similar among men (12.35%) and women (12.05%) considering FBG. While a higher prevalence among women (9.8%) was noticed than men (7%) after 75gm glucose. Pre-diabetic employees were 13.7 %( impaired glucose tolerance) and 31.8% (impaired Fasting glucose). Moderate agreement was observed between FBG and 2-hours after 75gm glucose (kappa 0.6). Increasing age, sedentary lifestyle (OR 1.5), diabetes among first degree relatives (OR 1.7), BMI >30 (OR 1.5), systolic blood pressure >130 (OR 1.2), total cholesterol >200 (OR 1.6), triglycerides >150 (OR 1.4) were found significantly related to diabetes. Conclusion: Increased prevalence of diabetes, IFG and IGT forecasts the upcoming diabetes explosion and calls for urgent steps towards the primary prevention in developing countries. Keyword: Type 2 diabetes, prevalence, risk-factors, BMI, sedentary lifestyle DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v12i2.8419 JOM 2011; 12(2): 125-130