Repeated Evolution of the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid–Mediated Defense System in Separate Angiosperm Lineages w⃞-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Repeated Evolution of the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid–Mediated Defense System in Separate Angiosperm Lineages w⃞

Published:2004-10-01 Issue:10 Volume:16 Page:2772-2784
ISSN:1532-298X
Container-title:The Plant Cell
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Reimann Andreas¹,Nurhayati Niknik¹,Backenköhler Anita¹,Ober Dietrich¹

Affiliation:

1. Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie der Technischen Universität, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany

Abstract

AbstractSpecies of several unrelated families within the angiosperms are able to constitutively produce pyrrolizidine alkaloids as a defense against herbivores. In pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) biosynthesis, homospermidine synthase (HSS) catalyzes the first specific step. HSS was recruited during angiosperm evolution from deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS), an enzyme involved in the posttranslational activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A. Phylogenetic analysis of 23 cDNA sequences coding for HSS and DHS of various angiosperm species revealed at least four independent recruitments of HSS from DHS: one within the Boraginaceae, one within the monocots, and two within the Asteraceae family. Furthermore, sequence analyses indicated elevated substitution rates within HSS-coding sequences after each gene duplication, with an increased level of nonsynonymous mutations. However, the contradiction between the polyphyletic origin of the first enzyme in PA biosynthesis and the structural identity of the final biosynthetic PA products needs clarification.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cell Biology,Plant Science

Link

http://academic.oup.com/plcell/article-pdf/16/10/2772/36875562/plcell_v16_10_2772.pdf

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