Prevention of inflammatory process development during erythrocytes transfusion

Abstract

A literature review was carried out in order to determine possible methodological procedures necessary to increase the resistance of erythrocytes to the damaging factors of hypothermic storage and cryopreservation, in order to reduce the destruction of cells in the body after transfusion and prevent the development of an inflammatory process. Transfusion of erythrocytes in hemorrhagic shock in patients with trauma or during surgery leads to the development of post-transfusion inflammation. Transfusion of cryopreserved erythrocytes showed a lower inflammatory response compared to the use of erythrocytes stored under hypothermic conditions. Cryopreservation of erythrocytes allows you to preserve some of the structural and biochemical characteristics of cells and avoid the accumulation of metabolic decay products. At the same time, when erythrocytes are frozen in media with glycerol, membrane damage is noted, which is aggravated by deglycerolization of cells. In addition, these injuries undergo further development during transfusion, which leads to intravascular hemolysis, as well as to extravascular destruction of erythrocytes in the liver and spleen. This causes an increase in the level of unbound iron in the blood circulation, stimulation of oxidative stress and inflammation, cell damage and dysfunction of internal organs. The presented literature data indicate the need to stimulate the antioxidant potential of erythrocytes during hypothermic storage or freezing. This stimulation may lead to an increase in the resistance of erythrocytes to damaging factors of freezing-thawing and limiting damage to cell membranes. This will ensure a decrease in the degree of destruction of red blood cells in the body after transfusion and slow the development of oxidative stress and inflammation. Keywords: erythrocytes, hypothermic storage, cryopreservation, transfusion, inflammation, glycerin.